Additional Reading Unit 4
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Cover Introduction Main Index Links Unit 3 Unit 5 Unit Key 4 |
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Unit 4 1 Crocodile hunting in ancient Egypt Herodotus had visited Egypt and the following is an adaptation taken from his description of the country which he gives in his History (cf. 5.2.21). ἄγραι δὲ τω̂ν κροκοδίλων πολλαὶ ἠ̂ϲαν καὶ παντοι̂αι, ἀλλὰ μίαν (one) μόνον γράφω: νω̂τον μὲν ὕειον ἐδελέαζον οἱ θηρευταὶ περὶ ἄγκιϲτρον καὶ ἔβαλλον εἰϲ τὸν ποταμόν, χοι̂ρον δὲ ζωὸν ἐπὶ τη̂ϲ του̂ ποταμου̂ ὄχθηϲ εἰ̂χόν τε καὶ ἔτυπτον. ὁ μὲν οὐ̂ν κροκόδιλοϲ τη̂ϲ φωνη̂ϲ ἤκουε καὶ ἔτρεχε, τὸ δὲ νω̂τον ηὕριϲκε καὶ ἤϲθιεν: οἱ δὲ θηρευταὶ εἱ̂λκον εἰϲ τὴν γη̂ν, καὶ πρω̂τον μὲν πηλῳ̂ (with mud) εὐθὺϲ ἤλειφον αὐτου̂ τοὺϲ ὀφθαλμούϲ, ἔπειτα δὲ ἄνευ πόνου τὰ λοιπὰ ἔπραττον. 2 Cyrus' deathbed speech to his sons and friends An adaptation from Xenophon's biography of Cyrus (cf. 9.2.12). ὠ̂ υἱοὶ καὶ φίλοι, ἐμοὶ μὲν του̂ βίου ἡ τελευτὴ πάρεϲτιν: ἐκ πολλω̂ν ϲαφω̂ϲ γιγνώϲκω: ὑμα̂ϲ δὲ δει̂ μετὰ τὸν θάνατον ὡϲ περὶ ὀλβίου ἐμου̂ καὶ λέγειν καὶ πράττειν πάντα (everything). ἐγὼ γὰρ οὐ μόνον ὅτε παιδίον ἠ̂ ἀλλὰ καὶ νεανίαϲ καὶ ἀνήρ (man), τὰ καλὰ ἀεὶ εἰ̂χον. καὶ νυ̂ν δη̂λόν ἐϲτιν ὅτι οἱ μὲν φίλοι δι ̓ ἐμου̂ ἐλεύθεροί εἰϲιν, οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι δου̂λοι. καὶ τὴν γη̂ν ἡμω̂ν ἣ (which) πρόϲθεν μικρὰ ἠ̂ν, ἐν τῃ̂ ̓Αϲίᾳ κυρίαν πολλω̂ν καταλείπω. νυ̂ν δ ̓ ἐνθάδε καταλείπω μὲν ὑμα̂ϲ, ὠ̂ υἱοί, καταλείπω δὲ καὶ τοὺϲ φίλουϲ. ὥϲτε πω̂ϲ οὐ δικαίωϲ ἀγαθὴν ἔχουϲι μνήμην ἐμου̂ οἱ ἄνθρωποι; 3 Pharnabazus reminds Agesilaus of his services to Sparta An adaptation from Xenophon's continuation of Thucydides' history of the Peloponnesian war (cf. 7.2.12). ἐπεὶ δὲ ὁ ̓Αγηϲίλαοϲ ἡ̂κεν, ὁ Φαρνάβαζοϲ αὐτῳ̂ ἔλεξεν: ὠ̂ ̓Αγηϲίλαε καὶ ἑται̂ροι, ἐγὼ ὑμι̂ν, ὅτε τοι̂ϲ ̓Αθηναίοιϲ πολέμιοι ἠ̂τε, φίλοϲ καὶ ϲύμμαχοϲ ἠ̂, καὶ τῳ̂ μὲν ναυτικῳ̂ ὑμω̂ν ἀργύριον ἔφερον, ἐν δὲ τῃ̂ γῃ̂ μεθ ̓ ὑμω̂ν εἰϲ τὴν θάλατταν ἐδίωξα τοὺϲ πολεμίουϲ. καὶ νυ̂ν μάλα μὲν κακω̂ϲ πάϲχω διὰ ὑμα̂ϲ, ϲι̂τον δὲ ἐν τῃ̂ χώρᾳ μου οὐκ ἔχω. πρότερον μὲν γὰρ οἰκίαϲ καλὰϲ καὶ παραδείϲουϲ καὶ δένδρων καὶ θηρίων μεϲτοὺϲ εἰ̂χον, νυ̂ν δὲ πάντα (everything) ἐκόθατε ὑμει̂ϲ καὶ ἐκαύϲατε. ἄγρα, -αϲ, ἡ way of catching παντοι̂οϲ, -α, -ον of all kinds νω̂τον, -ου, τό back, chine (of an animal) δελεάζω set as bait θηρευτήϲ, -ου̂, ὁ hunter ἄγκιϲτρον, -ου, τό hook χοι̂ροϲ, -ου, ὁ pig ὄχθη, -ηϲ, ἡ bank (of a river) ἕλκω (augment εἱ-) drag ἀλείφω smear ̓Αϲία, -αϲ, ἡ Asia κύριοϲ, -α, -ον having control over (+ gen.) ̓Αγηϲίλαοϲ, -ου, ὁ Agesilaus (Spartan king) Φαρνάβαζοϲ, -ου, ὁ Pharnabazus (Persian noble) παράδειϲοϲ, -ου, ὁ park μεϲτόϲ, -ή, -όν full of (+ gen.) κόπτω (aor. ἔκοθα) cut down, lay waste καίω (aor. ἔκαυϲα) burn |